Why would God lie? by Tom Raddatz

Why would God lie?

God said, audibly, on two occasions: This is my beloved son.

“This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.” (Matthew 3:16–17;
also found in Mark 1:11 and Luke 3:22).
And again, “This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. Listen to him” (Matthew 17:5; also Mark 9:7 and Luke 9:35).

This is out of the mouth of God at two different events as testified by three different writers.

Being as He is Spirit, God can neither be “with” Himself nor “in” Himself; to think otherwise is to grossly misunderstand the God of the Jews, of whom Jesus said, “we know what we worship, for salvation is of the Jews” (John 4:22).

We know that men lie. But why would God lie?

God who cannot lie (i.e., Titus 1:2 and Hebrews 6:18) called Jesus someone third person to Himself. He said this by referring to His son with the personal pronoun “him,” [Gr. autoú] in contradistinction to Himself as “I.”

Was God trying to put a stumbling block in our way to keep us from knowing the truth?

13 “Let no man say when he is tempted, “I am tempted by God,” for God can’t be tempted by evil, and he himself tempts no one” (James 1:13–15).

We have God himself doing the talking in calling Jesus His son, not some lying angel
(i.e. 1 Kings 22:19-23).

What would be God’s purpose for being at all vague, let alone misleading, about
the single most important truth given to man from God? Is there any other truth more important than this since it is regarding mankind’s saving relationship with God through His son?

“Jesus said to him, “I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father, except through me.” (John 14:6)

What “truth” could possibly be more important among mankind than God’s true relationship with His son? Why then would God lie about it? Why would God even be vague about it? Was God ashamed of His own gospel?

“Let God be true, but every man a liar” (Romans 3:4).

Do you believe that? What if God actually was true and every man was a liar?

If God was completely, succinctly and accurately and was telling the truth in both of those audible proclamations of His, then both Onenessianism and Trinitarianism are falsehoods from the lies of men.

“Let God be true, but every man a liar”! Are you hearing me?

9 “If we receive the witness of men [Oneness, Trinitarian or Arian], the witness of God is greater; for this is God’s testimony which he has testified concerning his Son. 10 He who believes in the Son of God has the testimony in himself. He who doesn’t believe God has made him a liar, because he has not believed in the testimony that God has given concerning his Son” (1 John 5:9-10).

This is a really, really big deal!

According to God Himself, Jesus is God’s son, not God. Otherwise God could have, and should have, told us when He had these two perfect opportunities. But God, who cannot lie testified to us something different than either Trinity or Oneness. He testified audibly that Jesus the Anointed One is His son! He could have done more good by not saying anything IF (big if) the Oneness or the Trinity is true!

But rather, God used His perfect opportunity to the utmost to state in the clearest terms possible, this most important truth of all: that Jesus the Anointed is His son.
Furthermore, God spoke of His son in personal pronouns. That means God also used His perfect opportunity to clearly indicate that His son is a separate and distinct person from He, God, Himself! Why do you question God? To what end will it get you to question God to the point of making His words out to be lies on multiple levels?

If you want to question the true Son of God doctrine, then be forewarned that in doing so you are calling God a liar and men true. In other words, you are calling good evil and evil good at the highest possible level–the very mouth of God!

Who then is this son of God? He is just precisely who God, who cannot lie, first proclaimed him to be, nothing more and nothing less:

12 “When your days are fulfilled, and you shall sleep with your fathers, I will set up your seed after you, who shall proceed out of your bowels, and I will establish his kingdom. 13 He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever. 14 I will be his father, and he shall be my son…” (2 Samuel 7:12–14).

This is the son of the Father in truth!

“…From God the Father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of the Father, in truth…” (2 John 1:3).

And if you don’t believe in the true son and Father as the Bible defines them, then hereby know, that the Bible calls you “against-the-anointed-one” (antichrist)!

22 “Who is the liar but he who denies that Jesus is the Anointed One? This is the Antichrist, he who denies the Father and the Son. 23 Whoever denies the Son, the same doesn’t have the Father. He who confesses the Son has the Father also” (1 John 2:22–23).

So go ahead now, choose whom you will serve. Go on and kick against these facts! Go ahead now and devise your cunning fables, private interpretations and traditions of men that you feel counter these very clear, once audible proclamations of God!

But before you do, please, I beseech you, answer me this one question:

WHY WOULD GOD LIE?

“But as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD!” (Joshua 24:15).

The above article was taken from
Why would God lie?

Jesus Is Not God - Bible Verses (Update) by Kermit Zarley

Most Christians believe that Jesus was and is God. That is what the institutional church has taught. Christians professedly rely strongly on the Bible for this belief. Yet there is not a single verse in the Bible which states unequivocally, “Jesus is God,” or the like. Moreover, the New Testament (NT) gospels have no statement by Jesus in which he identifies himself as God. In fact, there are many Bible verses which indicate that Jesus cannot be God by declaring that only the Father is God or by distinguishing Jesus from God. Three irrefutable texts in the NT declare both of these points.

Jesus Himself Teaches that Only the Father is God

First, and foremost, is one of Jesus’ sayings recorded only in the Gospel of John. The setting is the Last Supper, right before he was arrested and crucified. He prayed for his disciples, saying, “Father,… This is eternal life, that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom You have sent” (John 17.3). So, Jesus says of  the Father that he is “the only true God” and then distinguishes himself from that one God. Both of these points clearly indicate that Jesus himself cannot also be God.

There are two other times the Johannine Jesus identified the Father as the only God. Earlier, he told his Jewish opponents that the Father is “the one and only God” (John 5.44). And again, at the Last Supper, Jesus distinguished himself from this one and only God by commanding his disciples, “believe in God, believe also in Me” (14.1).

Paul Teaches that Only the Father is God

The other two NT passages which irrefutably establish that only the Father is God and distinguish Jesus from God are in Paul’s letters. He writes to the church at Corinth,
“There is no God but one…. yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom are all things, and we exist for Him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, by whom are all things, and we exist through Him” (1 Corinthians 8.4, 6). Here, Paul clearly declares that for Christians there is one God, who is the Father, and there is no other God, so that Jesus is not God.

Many traditionalist scholars cite this passage to support that Jesus preexisted, thus concluding that he was God. Yet in doing so, they often ignore its double declaration that there is only one God, who is the Father. Even if Jesus did preexist, this does not prove that he was God. Second Temple Judaism regarded that some righteous men preexisted, and Jews did not conclude that such preexistence indicated that they actually were God/gods.

The third irrefutable NT text which establishes that there is God, who is the Father, and distinguishes Jesus from God is in Paul’s letter to the Ephesians. He writes, “There is one body and one Spirit, just as also you were called in one hope of your calling; one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all who is over all and through all and in all” (Eph 4.4-6). Here, Paul implicitly identifies Jesus Christ as “one Lord” and distinguishes him from the “one God,” whom he unequivocally identifies as “the Father.” Paul is a unique author of NT literature in that he exclusively and consistently calls Jesus “Lord” and the Father “God.”
Therefore, he never calls Jesus “God.”

So, these three NT passages—John 17.3; 1 Corinthians 8.4, 6; and Ephesians 4.4-6—establish without any doubt that only the Father is God, so that Jesus cannot be God.

Other Witnesses That Only the Father is God

One of many other NT passages which confirm that Jesus is not God is his encounter with the rich young ruler. This man sincerely asked Jesus, “‘Good Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?’ And Jesus said to him, ‘Why do you call Me good? No one is good except God alone’” (Mark 10.17-18/Luke 18.18-19; cf. Matthew 19.16-17).

Many Christians have been confused by this saying, thinking that Jesus implies that he himself is not good. Yet the NT often declares that Jesus was such a righteous man that he never sinned (Acts 3.14; 2 Corinthians 5.21; Hebrews 4.15; 7.26; 2 Peter 2.22).

Then what did Jesus mean when he said, “no one is good but God alone”? In the OT, Judaism, and especially Hellenistic theism, only the one God was considered “good” in an absolute sense. This must be what Jesus meant in this encounter. Humans were called “good” only in a derived sense, with God being recognized as the Source of goodness.

Many NT passages show that Jesus was not God. For instance, the NT often declares that God sent Jesus, God was with Jesus in his mission, and God raised him from the dead. Peter preached about “Jesus of Nazareth, a man attested to you by God with miracles and wonders and signs which God performed through Him in your midst” (Acts 2.22). Peter later proclaimed about “Jesus of Nazareth, how God anointed Him with the Holy Spirit and with power, and how He went about doing good, and healing all who were oppressed by the devil; for God was with Him” (10.38).

In the salutations of all ten of Paul’s NT letters he identifies God as the Father, distinguishes God from Jesus Christ, and he never mentions the Holy Spirit. He typically writes, “Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.”
This evidence further affirms that only the Father is God and that Jesus is not God.

Moreover, the Bible contains several verses which state unambiguously that Jesus had a God, and most say his God  was the Father. When Jesus hung upon the cross he quoted Psalm 22.1, crying out to the Father, “MY GOD, MY GOD, WHY HAVE YOU FORSAKEN ME” (Matthew 27.46/Mark 15.34). The day Jesus was resurrected, he said to Mary Magdalene,
“I ascend to My Father and your Father, and My God and your God” (John 20.17). And three times the Apostle Paul writes about “the God and Father of our/the Lord Jesus (Christ)” (Romans 15.6; 2 Corinthians 1.3; 11.31; cf. Ephesians 1.17).
Finally, the heavenly Jesus is quoted five times saying “My God” (Revelation 3.2, 12; cf. 1.6).

The Verse that Made Me Think

The one verse that caused this author to first question whether Jesus is God is Jesus’ saying in his Olivet Discourse about the time of his return. He said, “But of that day and/or hour no one knows, not even the angels of/in heaven, nor the Son, but the Father alone” (Matthew 24.36/Mark 13.32). Since Jesus did not know the time of his return he could not have been God, for he reveals that God the Father did know it. Orthodox Christian theology has always insisted that God is omniscient, knowing everything, including everything about the future. Accordingly, Jesus could not have been God.

This article by Kermit Zarley is an excerpt/condensation from his book
The Restitution of Jesus Christ (2008).

The above article was taken from Jesus Is Not God - Bible Verses

See also the blog entry Jesus is Not God Bible Verses

Moses and Jesus by Laura Morgan

(Click Image To Enlarge)

(Click Image To Enlarge)

How to Know that the Trinity is Obviously False

How to Know that the Trinity
is Obviously False
Just One Obvious Fact Which Proves the Doctrine of the Trinity is a Farce

Jesus Christ's God The primary question at hand concerning the issue at hand is the identity of the one God who is mentioned thousands of times in the Scriptures. In Trinitarianism, this identity is a three person being, three distinct identities who together are one single identity: the Triune God. According to the Scriptures, there is only one God, one Creator. Trinitarianism claims that this one God, this one Creator, is their Triune Being. According to Trinitarianism, the one God is the Triune God described by their own doctrine of the Trinity. In order to test the veracity of the Trinitarian claim, all we need to do is contemplate the implications of an extremely simple question. Do the Scriptures tell us that the one God is Jesus Christ's God? Is it true or false to say that the only God is Jesus Christ's God? And since there is only one true God, would it ever be plausible to suppose that the only true God is not Jesus Christ's God? Of course it would not. Hence, it is an inescapable fact that the only true God is Jesus Christ's God. Jesus Christ's God is not a Triune being. Trinitarianism itself acknowledges that Jesus Christ's God is only one person, the Father. So when we use the expression, "Jesus Christ's God," we are effectively referring to only one person, the Father. And if the only true God is Jesus Christ's God, we are compelled by common reason to conclude that the only true God is the Father, Jesus Christ's God.  Additionally, it seems that few Trinitarians recognize that the expression, "Jesus Christ's God" is referring to a person's God, the person, Jesus Christ's God. In the Trinity doctrine, the person that is in view is God the Son, the Second Person of the Trinity. Therefore, the expression "Jesus Christ's God" effectively means "God's God" in Trinitarianism since it would be a reference to the person God the Son and his God. God's God. This is absurd. God does not have a God. For God to have a God would necessarily involves two true Gods since if God the Son has a God, his God is necessarily someone else. But there is only one God. Another question you can ask yourself is this question: "Is Jesus Christ's God someone else?" The obvious answer is Yes. Jesus Christ's God is someone else - his Father. In fact, this is true in Trinitarian doctrine. But if his God is someone else then he is not his God is he? And if he is not his God then he isn't that God. And if he isn't that God, you would therefore end up with two Gods by claiming that Jesus is God in addition to someone else who is his God.  There are numerous questions one can ask which reveal the truth of the situation. For example, you could ask, "Who created everything?" Did the Triune God create everything? Or did Jesus create everything? Or did Jesus Christ's God create everything? Since Jesus is not his God, and Jesus Christ's God is not a Triune God, it is a question which must be asked and honestly answered. It is inescapable that Jesus Christ's God created everything.  When we regard these things, we can see that Trinitarianism is something which just won't add up and it is irrational nonsense. In Trinitarianism, Jesus Christ is identified as "God" while Jesus Christ's God is also identified as "God." However, in Trinitarianism, Jesus Christ and his God are two different identities; they are not the same identity. He is one identity and his God is another. To say he is God results in two Gods since his God would not be the God that he is. In Trinitarian doctrine, the Father is most definitely not the Son. Therefore, that would mean by definition that Jesus as "God" and his God are not the same God since he is not his God. But in the Scriptures there is only one God. So we end up with a situation where Jesus Christ and Jesus Christ's God are not the same and since Jesus is not his own God, that necessarily means somebody else is his God. Jesus Christ's God is not Jesus and does not include Jesus. It is here that one can easily see the contradictions of this Trinitarian farce.  The light of truth begins to shine very brightly when we consider these things honestly and reasonably. If we exclude all Scriptural mentions of pagan gods and false gods, is it safe to conclude that all mentions of the one God of Israel are in fact Jesus Christ's God ? This is not a question which a Trinitarian can reasonably answer as "No." But if he answers "Yes," he must accept the contradictions with his own doctrine. If you are a Trinitarian, you must insist that your Triune God and Jesus Christ's God are the very same God. Otherwise you have two or more God's on your hands. But you won't be making any sense since a one-person-God and a three-person-God are obviously not the same God. Jesus Christ's God is not a Triune God in Trinitarianism, therefore, his God is obviously not the same God as the Trinitarian God. So since there is only one God, and not two or more, the Trinitarian is compelled to agree that all mentions of God in the Scriptures are references to Jesus Christ's God. But notice what happens to Trinitarian doctrine if you acknowledge that all references to the one God in the Scriptures are references to Jesus Christ's God. To you it was shown that you might know that YAHWEH, He is God; there is no other besides Him..... Know therefore today, and take it to your heart, that YAHWEH, He is God in heaven above and on the earth below; there is no other. Deuteronomy 4:35,39 Is this verse referring to Jesus Christ's God? Think about his carefully. His God is no one but the Father and to interpret this passage to refer to the Father would mean that the Father is exclusively the one God and the one God is no one else but the Father.  That rules out the Trinity since two other persons are also God in the doctrine of the Trinity. Because of this, Trinitarians are forced to interpret this verse to refer to the Triune Being. "He" the Triune Being is God and there is no other besides "Him" the Triune Being. However, the Trinitarian must then insist this passage is NOT referring to Jesus Christ's God. And that puts him in a very serious dilemma. There is only one God and no one can reasonably and honestly avoid interpreting this verse to be referring to Jesus Christ's God. And his God is most definitely not the Trinitarian's Triune God. Whether a Trinitarian acknowledges or denies this passage is referring to Jesus Christ's God, he is caught in a contradiction with respect to his own doctrine. This demonstrates that the Trinity is most certainly false. To you it was shown that you might know that [Jesus Christ's God], He is God; there is no other besides [Jesus Christ's God]..... Know therefore today, and take it to your heart, that [Jesus Christ's God], He is God in heaven above and on the earth below; there is no other. Deuteronomy 4:35,39 No one can deny this verse is referring to Jesus Christ's God without getting caught in an inescapable contradiction. And if this verse is referring to Jesus Christ's God then it is referring to the Father alone and the verse is telling us that only the Father is God and nobody else is God except the Father. And no one can reasonably say that this verse is not referring to Jesus Christ's God since that would be resorting to completely irrational behavior. But Trinitarians do claim this verse is referring to a God which is not Jesus Christ's God, namely, the Trinity. However, there is only one God and if that God is not Jesus Christ's God then Jesus Christ has a false God. But we know that Jesus does not have a false God; his God is the only true God and the only true God is his God. Hence, the Bible affirms that only Jesus Christ's God is God and nobody else. There are numerous other examples in Scripture which illustrate the same type of thing. With respect to Trinitarian doctrine, the passage is either referring to Jesus Christ's God or the Triune Being and you can't have it both ways since Jesus Christ's God is not a Triune Being. So which is it? Can anyone in their right mind deny that the above verse is referring to Jesus Christ's God? There are numerous passages which illustrate the same problem for Trinitarian doctrine.  Additionally, when you read verses such as Matthew 1:23, "God with us" you will also realize that such verses are also necessarily referring to Jesus Christ's God . God the Father was with Israel by giving them Jesus to save them from their sins (context). He was with them in plan and purpose; He was with them, on their side. This understanding is also confirmed at Isaiah chapters 7 through 8 where the child Immanuel is given as a sign to King Ahaz that his God, Yahweh, was with him concerning the two kings attacking Judah.  Or for example when Thomas says, "My Lord and my God," you will realize the words "my God" are necessarily a reference to Jesus Christ's God, since both Thomas and Jesus have the same one God. This is also clearly explained by Jesus at John 12:44-45 and 14:5-10. Jesus revealed the Father (Jn 1:18) who is his God. Or again, at 1 John 5:20 the true God in view is Jesus Christ's God, the Father. This is obviously true since the point of this passage is to say that Jesus came so that we might know the true God by being in the true God's son and that true God is necessarily Jesus Christ's God. Just as Jesus himself declared, his God and Father is our God and Father (Jn 20:17).  The only true God is Jesus Christ's God, and since there is only one God, this cannot be denied by any rational and honest person who accepts the Scriptures as the truth. This simple fact demonstrates to reasonable people that the doctrine of the Trinity is obviously false. Whenever you read your Bible, and the one God is mentioned, just ask yourself whether the passage is referring to Jesus Christ's God. You will soon realize that you cannot truthfully answer "No" without creating an unresolvable contradiction for yourself. And that means that claiming the existence of a Triune God conflicts with the Scriptural facts and when claims conflict with the facts, we know the claimant is a telling lie. Another thing you can do is to keep this in mind when you are discussing the doctrine of the Trinity with Trinitarians (or Modalists). Whenever they refer to God, and they don't seem to be referring to the Father, ask them if they are referring to Jesus Christ's God. Also observe their confused responses. They are not accustomed to being asked such a question or even having such a thought.  If you are an honest seeker of the truth, I would encourage you to always keep in mind that the only true God of the Scriptures is necessarily Jesus Christ's God. This is inescapable. Since there is only one God, the only true God can't be someone else's God since that would necessarily amount to another God. So whenever you read a passage of Scripture which mentions our God, the God of Israel, the Creator, just ask yourself, "Does this passage necessarily refer to Jesus Christ's God?" You will soon see that you must always answer "Yes."  And when you do this, you will also clearly realize that you will know with absolute certainly, and without any hesitation, that the only God is Jesus Christ's God and no one else can possibly be God than his God. And seeing this clearly, you will know this leaves the Trinity doctrine behind in the trash bin along with all the other false Gods which true followers of Jesus have left behind.  If you can't confess that every mention of the one God of Israel in the Scriptures is Jesus Christ's God you will be found mired in your own contradictions. And if you are a Trinitarian who confesses that every mention of the one God of Israel in the Scriptures IS Jesus Christ's God, you will still be found mired in your own contradictions. And that is what happens when you espouse a tangled web of lies. There is no escape from your dilemma and your only option will be to resort to irrational mental gymnastics in the fantasy that there must be some way you can somehow talk your way out of it. But you can't. You are trapped in your own lies with no way out but to confess your claims are false.  As you read this, and digest the implications, you might wonder how it could be so easy to demonstrate why this doctrine is certainly false and why you didn't see this before. But as you contemplate the matter and how the only God cannot be any other than Jesus Christ's God, you will indeed realize this does show the Trinity is obviously false. And then you will likely also have other realizations. You will realize the utter insanity of having a three-person-God which is not your Lord's God. And again, you will also wonder how anyone could believe the Head of the body of Christ has a one-person-God while the rest of the body of Christ has a three-person-God who is not the God of the Head of the body of Christ. The God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give to you a spirit of wisdom and of revelation in the knowledge of Him. Ephesians 1:17. The only God is our Lord's God, the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. He is God and there is no other but Him. Serve only our Lord's God and no other. The above article was taken from How to Know that the Trinity is Obviously False

Idolatry

Idolatry

You turned to God from idols to serve a Living and True God, and to wait for His Son from heaven, whom He raised from the dead, that is Jesus, who delivers us from the wrath to come. - 1 Thessalonians 1:9-10. Modern Idols True believers serve a Living and True God. They do not serve idols and they do not serve false gods. Their God is a living God. Unlike a lifeless idol, their God is someone who is alive and personal. Their God is not an image of God but God Himself, a Living Being whom they know, a Living God who truly dwells with their hearts. Modern people within the world of the organized church system tend to think of idols as little stone men carved up by ancient pagans. In this way, they delude themselves into supposing they have no idols. Idolatry is not confined to stone sculptures sitting in a shrine. Notice carefully how the Apostle John ends his first letter: Little children, guard yourself from idols. 1 John 5:21. Many folks read these words as if John is having some kind of afterthought not have any idea why he decided to say such a thing at the end of his letter. He concludes his letter with these words. Why? Notice the context of John's words: We know that the Son of God has come, and has given us understanding so that we may know the True One and we are in the True One, in His Son Jesus Christ. This is the True God and eternal life. Little children, guard yourselves from idols. Idols are not the True God but false gods. Observe that we are in "the True One" if we are in His son Jesus. Through Jesus we know the True God. The True God is He who is known in/through the Son. Here John is saying essentially the same thing we find in John's Gospel. Eternal Life is that we might know the Father, the only True God, and Jesus Christ whom the only True God sent (John 17:3). Since Jesus is the Way to the Father (14:6), we cannot know the Father apart from the Son. John tells us to guard ourselves from idols in this context. Why? There is the True God. And there are idols. If we are not serving the True God, we are serving an idol. John's letter is addressing a false prophet antichrist teaching. In his letter, he emphasizes that the True God, the Father, is known through the Son, Jesus. You must confess the Son to have the Father and whoever denies the Son also denies the Father, the True God. Today, most people serve idols, images of God. They serve doctrines of men depicted with paper and ink, images of God. They serve things which do not have life and do not give life. The images they serve are paper and ink images of God, the doctrines of men. They are images of God in words on paper, images which do not have life nor give life. The serve lifeless things which do not give life. For most people, their God is not the Living God, but an image of God they have in their minds and which depict on paper and ink. Their God is an image imagined in their imaginations rather than the Living God Himself. Here is another image of God which man have crafted and command you to serve: This is a man's image of God. Idolatry. Men command you to serve this God, this lifeless image of God created by men. This is not the True God which John is describing. The True God is a Living Being not an image and He is the God who we know through Jesus: the Father. The above image is a lifeless idol created by men. But such images of God are the only God most people know; they do not know the Living and True God. The only know an image in their minds which they project in paper and ink. The above image is not the True God; it is a man's graven image of God. You can believe in this image all you like and it will do nothing for you but lead you away from the True God. This image is an idol of men. It is not the Living God; it is a lifeless creation of men and it will not give you life. The True God is the Living God who is Life and gives Life, our Father. And we know the Living and True God through His Son Jesus His Anointed One. John ended his letter with the words, "Little children, guard yourselves from idols" for a very good reason. He had just described how we might know the True God. Anything other than the True God is a false god. Any god other than the True God is an idol and not the True God. And John identified the True God here for us. The True God is the God we know through His Son: the God of our Lord, Jesus Christ. And who else would be the True God but our Lord's God? For if our God is not his God, we only know a false god and not the Living and True God whose Son delivers us from the coming wrath. They have quickly turned aside from the way which I commanded them. They have made for themselves a molten calf, and have worshiped it and have sacrificed to it and said, "This is your god, O Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt!" Exodus 32:8 The above article was taken from Idolatry