The Future as Jesus Saw It in Matthew 24, Mark 13
Many people are rightly concerned with the future, theirs and that of
society. The internet is teeming with attempts to tell us what Jesus foretells
for the future of our world. Matthew 24, the long Olivet Discourse, is properly
the center of attention, since in that marvelous, if alarming, chapter the Lord
Messiah answered the crucial question posed by his devoted students. Supposing
you, the reader, to be one such dedicated student of Jesus, you will want to
present at that momentous teaching session. We can all chime in with their
initial inquiry:
"When will these things be and what will be the sign of your coming and the end of the age?" The disciples were not fools! They had been well instructed, and
they asked the right question. Jesus had just spoken of desolation in the temple building. Because the
disciples and Jesus knew the book of Daniel well, they assume
that trouble in the temple will be connected directly with
the "coming" (Parousia) of the Messiah and "the end of the age" (misleadingly mistranslated in the KJV as "end of the world").
The disciples' assumption was not wrong. Jesus did not correct it. That assumption is based on
Daniel 7, 8,
9 and 11, 12 and, if one is looking for a precise verbal parallel,
Daniel
12:11 --"the abomination of desolation."
Let's get oriented to Jesus' discourse. The wise Bible student looks
first at the other occurrences of the definite phrase "end of the age." It cannot possibly mean AD
70! Look at the four other occurrences in Matthew and burn these into your
understanding. We find Jesus speaking of the end of the
age (same expression) firstly in Matthew 13. Here Jesus gives us an
exact definition: "The harvest is the end of the age." This is the time when the righteous will shine forth like the sun
in their Father's Kingdom (taken from Daniel 12:3). It could not possibly refer to AD 70!
Jesus goes on: "As therefore the tares are gathered and burned in the
fire so shall it be at the end of the age. The Son of Man will send forth his angels and they will gather out
of his Kingdom everything that offends and those who practice lawlessness. And
they will cast them into a furnace of fire and there will be wailing and
gnashing of teeth. Then the righteous will shine forth as the sun in the Kingdom
of their Father." Jesus concludes these stupendous words with a characteristic
cry: "Whoever has ears to hear [and understand] let him hear.' In Matthew 13 v.
49 he repeats: "So shall it be at the end of the age: the angels will go forth and separate the wicked from among the
righteous."
Are we listening and learning? Jesus is not describing AD 70.
It is remarkable that in Jesus' mind Christian destiny is firmly
attached, not to "going to heaven" when
we die but to the future end of this era of world society and to the return of Jesus to
the earth to bring in his Kingdom. The first correction necessary in our
thinking is therefore to adjust our thinking with rabbi Jesus to his future
arrival in glory at the end of the age. There is no ultimate Christian future until then. This means
naturally that the faithful dead are not yet in the Kingdom, and no one has yet been thrown into a lake of fire.
All systems which promote a continuing life now for the dead, faithful or otherwise (i.e. "so and so has gone home to
heaven and is looking down on me," or "I am praying to a departed saint to help
me") are out of harmony with the mind of Jesus. It is only at the
future
"end of the age" that decisions are made as between the good and the bad. Until then
dead, good and bad, are without consciousness in the "sleep of the dead." They are
awaiting resurrection at the return of Jesus (1 Cor. 15:23; Dan. 12:2; Ecc. 9:5,
10). Those presently unsaved await resurrection and judgment at the end of the
future millennium (see Rev 20:5).
Is it really so hard for readers to grasp: "The dead know nothing at
all... There is no activity in Sheol, the place of all the dead, good and bad. " (Ecc. 9:5, 10 and read it often to
your family). Yes, of course the life energy, the spirit, goes back to God when
we die (Ecc. 12:9). We "expire," breathe out our last, but WE go to the grave. "Lazarus is dead and
sleeping," Jesus said (John 14:11, 14). It is tragic to rewrite the text to read
"Lazarus' body is asleep, but he himself is alive and well in heaven." That idea
simply writes pagan philosophical ideas about an "immortal soul" into the
Bible.
Back to our key phrase "end of the age." Jesus used it in the Great Commission. Here he promised to be "with
you" until the end of the age (Matt. 28:20). This of course means that Jesus anticipated that there
would be faithful believers right up to his Second Coming at the end of the age.
In Matthew 24 the question of the disciples, as recorded directly by
Matthew 24:3, and implied equally in Mark's and Luke's parallel account of the
same discourse, was about the "your
Coming and
the end of the age." These are one event, as shown by the closest connection of the two subjects, coming and end of the age, in the original Greek. The Word Biblical Commentary is right:
"Jesus' teaching about the end of the age is closely related to the
fate of Jerusalem and her temple" (Mark, p. 305). Of course! And exactly the same fact is found in Mark and
Luke's account, although a bit hidden in the English translations. In Mark we
read: "What will be the sign when all these things will be fulfilled?" The word for "fulfilled" here is a
verbal form of the word for "end" i.e. of the age, in Matthew's account (24:3).
Luke likewise reports the same question about the sign of the promised events.
Read on in these marvelous words of Jesus and you will find
no possible way of separating trouble in the temple from the second
coming. The attempts of commentators to split up Jesus' answer to cover
events separated by millennia must be pronounced a failure. There is total
disagreement as to where to insert a break. There is no break.
How did Jesus reply to the question? We note first that Jesus had
just spoken of desolation and destruction in the temple buildings lying there in
full view. Jesus proceeds to take up the assumption of the disciples, and his,
that temple buildings would be involved
in the ruin predicted also for his future coming, which as we know did not
happen in AD 70.
(Some have gone far from the words of Jesus by thinking that
Jesus must have actually returned and raised the dead in AD 70! This theory is
known as preterism = "past-ism."
Anyone who believes that Jesus returned to raise the dead in AD 70 has been
severely misled. We invite a complete rethinking. Jesus did not return in AD 70 any more than
he did in 1914. But millions
have been persuaded to believe falsehoods of this type. If the resurrection has
happened then the Kingdom of God has arrived. You can go to Jerusalem and see
that the Messiah is not sitting on the throne of Israel and the world. Paul
warned in no uncertain terms that believing that the resurrection is in the past
is a dangerous cancer.)
Jesus began very appropriately by warning against deception and the
deceptive claims of those claiming either to be the Messiah or his agents. The
majority would be victims of deception. Wars, famines, pestilences and
earthquakes (Luke reports "great earthquakes," 21:11) would be the beginning of
the birth pangs which would eventually lead to the birth of the New Age of the
coming Kingdom (see what happens then in Matt. 29:28; Acts 1:6; 3:21). The same
period of birth pangs would be marked by severe persecution of true believers,
and further false preachers and deception (24:11).
But these events are "not yet the
end." (Matt. 24:5) That is: the end of the age will not follow immediately. Other more definite events are in store. It would be a major failure
of commonsense to try to alter the word "end" in Matt. 24:5 and give it a
different meaning than in the question in v. 3!
Jesus is going to tell us more about the one end, starting in verse 14. The
"end" which is not yet, is of course the "end of the present world order."
Daniel 12:13 has the same expression, marking the end as the time when Daniel was to
expect to rise from the dead.
(see note in Schonfield Authentic New Testament, p. 76)
In Matthew 24 verse 14 Jesus becomes much more specific. He states
that the Christian Gospel --
"this
Gospel about the Kingdom of God" would be made known as a witness
internationally -- and Jesus adds, "and then the end will come." The word
"therefore" rivets, with logic, verses 14 and 15 together. The end is now in
view. "When you therefore [i.e. as
the real marker of the end] see the Abomination of Desolation standing in a holy
place..." We might say "Accordingly, when you see..."
...
"The exact words of Jesus, 'abomination of desolation' derive from the
LXX of Daniel 12:11"
(Word Biblical Commentary, p. 317). Few observations could be more important. They provide
Jesus' comment on those important words of Daniel in 12:11 showing that he did
not think they were fulfilled in the events of Antiochus in the second century
BC! Jesus is reading Daniel 12:11 as a prophecy of the (then) far future, as the
final events of the final vision granted to Daniel. That very vision ended with the future
resurrection of the dead in Daniel 12:2. We know that the resurrection of the
dead has not happened. We know that
Jesus has not come back.
This fact about the Abomination in Daniel 12:11, among others, shows
that the Abomination of Desolation which triggers the final time of great
tribulation is not yet history. It lies
in the future as the climax of the birth pangs leading to the birth of the
New Age, which will be the Kingdom of God in a renewed earth.
Again, the state of the art in evangelical scholarship, the
Word Biblical Commentary translates properly: "When you see the Abomination of Desolation
standing where HE must not" (Mark 13:14). The commentary notes that none of the
various suggestions of fulfillment in the first century fits the facts. Pontius
Pilate has been suggested. So has Caligula who in AD 40 attempted to place his
image in the temple, but failed. Another candidate was Phanni, a high priest
appointed by Jewish zealots.
Finally Titus ... in AD 70 ...
"None of these events fits well the context of Jesus' warning in Mark
13:14, Pilate's attempted sacrilege did not take place. Caligula's order to
erect his statue was never carried out. Phanni was not regarded as an
"abomination." Finally, Titus' stroll through the sanctuary occurred after the temple had already been seriously damaged and was in fact in
flames, and after Jewish sacrifices had ceased. Moreover the "abomination of desolation" of which Daniel speaks and
to which Jesus alludes envisioned the
cessation of sacrifice in the Jerusalem temple, not its destruction...
The crisis of long ago [under Antiochus] threatened to bring Judaism
and Israel's national life to an end and will once again threaten Israel and
Jesus' followers." Jesus warns us by saying that the abomination will be
standing where HE ought not. Word Biblical Commentary again: "the masculine gender of the participle estekota, in contrast to the neuter 'abomination' may suggest that the
abomination is a statue of image of a pagan deity or deified man. Probably
related to this tradition is the Pauline prediction in
2 Thessalonians
2:3-4:
"That day will not come unless the
man of lawlessness is revealed, so that he takes his seat in the temple of God
proclaiming to be God." Neither Caligula nor Titus fulfilled the prophecy.
For Paul the appearance of this evil figure was a necessary sign of
the Parousia. Paul warned his people in 2 Thessalonians 2 against any teaching
which said that the Parousia could come
without a final appearing of the Man of Sin. The appearance of a false
church leader in the 3rd century did not provide such a sign! Nor did such a leader place an
abomination in "a holy place." Again the Word Biblical Commentary helps us: "The parenthetic comment 'let the one who is reading
understand'... may be intended to alert readers to Daniel 12:5-13, a passage in
which Daniel asks the angel 'how long will it be to the end of these wonders?' just as the disciples had asked Jesus 'when will
these things be?'
(Mark 13:4, which in Matthew's explanatory parallel is a
question about the Parousia, Second Coming and the end
of the age). To understand what is happening, the evangelist Mark advises
his readers, one must read Daniel." How marvelously true this is!
"The answer provided in Daniel entails, among other things, the
appearance of the Abomination that will leave the temple desolate (Dan. 12:11.
cp. 12:10), where it is promised that 'those with insight will understand.' Thus
the parallel with Mark is structurally and thematically quite close."
The important question is this: Was all this fulfilled in AD 70? The answer is no, because the facts of
history do not fit either Daniel or Jesus' discourse which is based on it.
Again, the Word Biblical Commentary is insightful: "'Let him who is on the house top not come down, nor
enter to take anything out of his house.' Again, this detail does not square
well with the events of the 60s and 70s. Jesus' point is that one must flee
immediately and in great haste. The Jewish war [of the first century] had been
waged for three years before Jerusalem was besieged. The approach of the Roman
army was slow, the opportunity to escape prolonged. No, Jesus' warning means
that when the abomination of desolation is set up where HE must not stand, 'the
end is now at hand [exactly as stated by Matt. 24:14, 15], the danger is great;
the city must be abandoned without a moment's delay."
Jesus goes on to describe the greatest of all tribulations: "Woe to
those women who are pregnant or are nursing in those days." "An expectant women
or a woman nursing an infant cannot drop her burden and run, as implied in the
instructions in verses 15-16. She will face an awful dilemma and therefore a
greater danger" (p. 321).
Further description of this time of trouble follows: Mark 13:19: "For
those days will be such a tribulation as
has never happened from the beginning of creation, which God created, until now,
nor ever will be." In other words it will eclipse all crises of biblical
history, which as Word Biblical Commentary says "is quite a claim when we remember the flood, the Babylonian
captivity and the war with Antiochus." The language of course echoes Daniel 12:1
(Jesus had just told us to read Daniel!). There is an interesting reference also
in extra-biblical Jewish literature: "And there will come upon them punishment
and wrath such as has never happened to
them from the creation till that time when He stirs up against them a king
of the kings of the earth" (Testament of Moses, 8:1).
In summarizing this amazing prediction, the Word Bible Commentary has this to say: "The warning that the great tribulation will be so
severe that unless shortened it will extinguish all human life argues that the
prophecy portends more than the Jewish war. To be sure this war threatened all
Jewish lives in Jerusalem (though as it turned out many thousands survived) but
the fate of the whole of humanity did not hang in the balance" (p. 322).
The point I want to make quite clear is that this Great Tribulation, days in which it is
perilous to be pregnant (see "those days," in Mark 13:17,19, 20), could not by
any stretch of language refer to a period of 2000 years ongoing since AD 70! As
we turn again to Matthew 24 we are going to find that the Great Tribulation is to be followed,
immediately (24:29) --without interval -- by the signs which introduce the Return
of Jesus, the greatest of all events.
Matthew 24 and the Great Tribulation
Matthew 24 is a long and logical discourse in answer to the important
question.
"What will be the sign of
your Coming and the end of the age?"
That end of the age is connected to trouble in the temple. That is why the disciples ask
the question uniting the two subjects and that is why in Jesus' answer, there is
absolutely no disconnect between the elements of the question. Jesus did not
correct the disciples. Both he and they had an assumed basis in the end-time
data provided by Daniel. Daniel had asked the interpreting angel about how long
it would be to the end of the wonders of the final vision. The question
concerned the length of time from the appearing of the Abomination of Desolation
to the end.
The answer was given as 1290 days, with a further 45 days added. This
is the datum which many throw away. It is impossible to imagine the angel as
giving data about an event in BC times at this point! That would be a colossal
anticlimax. The end of the wonders of
the vision Daniel had just had was the resurrection of the dead (Dan. 12:2).
No one should imagine that some other end was in mind! Jesus and the disciples
work out of this fixed point: There will
be 1290 days left after the appearing of the Abomination.
Jesus expounds on this in Matthew 24. Having been asked about "the end of the
age" he replies accordingly. "The end [of the age] is not
yet," verse 6 and in verse 14, after the Gospel of the Kingdom has
been preached to all nations, "then
the end [of the age] will come."
Jesus continues, "when you therefore see..." The "therefore" connects this sentence to the preceding one
about the end --"then the end will come." The
visible sign that the end is really close is
this:
"When you see the Abomination of Desolation standing in a holy place"
as predicted by Daniel. This has not happened yet.
This of course means that the task of all believers now is to get
busy with the preaching of the Gospel of
the Kingdom. Only when this is complete can the final events unfold. The
appearance of the Abomination is a certain and definite signal. Then, Jesus
says, if you are in Israel, run away immediately. This of course proves that there is no
pre-tribulation rapture in the mind of Jesus (or Paul!).
You do not
instruct people to escape the oncoming Great Tribulation by running for the
mountains, if in fact they are to be lifted off the earth at that time! This is
just plain common-sense.
Following the appearance of the Danielic Abomination standing where
HE (Mark 13:14) ought not to,
"in a holy place" (Matt 24:15) there will be a
time of unprecedented tribulation, the greatest ever period of time, and if that
time had not been cut short, no one would be left alive. This suggests effects
beyond the immediate land of Israel. Then in Matthew 24:29 the verse which has
(unnecessarily, if people had believed the discourse) caused problems. Jesus
stated that "immediately following,"
"Immediately after [POST] the tribulation of those days," cosmic signs would
produce his Arrival. And the elect will be gathered from the four points of
the compass. It is important to see that Jesus spoke of his coming as "immediately" post (after) the time of extreme trouble.
Luke refers to the same period (his account runs directly parallel to
Matthew and Mark) as
"great tribulation" that is, "great distress" (Luke 21:23). The
meaning is the same. In Luke we must supply the chronological marker given by
Matthew 24:29 "immediately after."
It is "immediately after" the great
tribulation or time of great distress, that the cosmic signs of Jesus impending
arrival will be visible.
It should be clear that this event has never happened. Certainly not
in the 1800's as Jehovah's Witnesses once predicted, and absolutely certainly
not in AD 70 nor in 1914 (again a failed guess by Jehovah's Witnesses). These
bungled attempts to assign dates are testimony to the mishandling of Jesus'
precious words.
The Word Biblical Commentary, alas, understands what Matthew meant and then tries to say that
Matthew made a mistake with his "immediately after" (v. 29)! The author says: "Matthew means
immediately (not simply very soon) after the destruction and desolation of the
temple, the Parousia [Second Coming] is to be expected" (p. 712). The commentary
adds very fairly: "the inserted
'immediately' necessitate seeing the tribulation as a yet future one." He
then says that Matthew wrongly edited in the word "immediately."
I do not believe Matthew got it wrong. Taking the text as Scripture
we are committed to the great tribulation as lying in the future just before the
Second Coming. All attempts to avoid this may point to a desire to put the
future in the past! This could be a form of wishful thinking.
Other commentators who do not like the idea of a future Great
Tribulation try a different evasion. They say that verses 23-28 speak of a time
future to us, but verses 15-22 speak of AD 70 only. When they get to verse 29
("immediately") they return to the future. The Word Biblical Commentary rightly shows how unnatural such a skipping method is. "It is very
difficult to believe [this is 'scholarese' for 'it is nonsense'] that the words
'immediately after the tribulation of those days' refers only to something [i.e.
tribulation] general in the indeterminate future. Rather than something vague, the words
['immediately after the tribulation of those days'] seem to require a specific
antecedent. This is shown by the definite article "the" and the demonstrative
pronoun in "those days." The only specific item in the preceding verses that
could correspond to the suffering of those days is the desecration of the temple referred to in v. 15"
This of course is absolutely true. Jesus knows of one desecration of
the temple, one final and great tribulation and one Second Coming which will
follow on the heels of the Abomination of Desolation which desecrates the
temple.
The history book shows us that the temple was desecrated in AD 70,
immediately after which Jesus did not come back! This forced some readers to say
Jesus was wrong, or equally unfortunately, that he did come back with his
Kingdom in AD 70 (This, as we said, is called Preterism, and it destroys the
Gospel of the Kingdom, making the Kingdom an event beginning in AD 70!).
The right way to understand and believe Jesus is to take him at his
word. He was asked about the end of the age in connection with trouble in the
temple. He answered by unpacking that scheme of the future. He warned that
the appearance of the Abomination of Desolation would signal the beginning of
the final events.
"Immediately after" that one specific Great Tribulation, cosmic signs
would introduce his great Arrival to resurrect the dead saints, catch up the
living ones to meet him and escort him to the earth, destroy the antichrist and
set up the Kingdom of God on earth.
The answer of Jesus is not so hard. The story is as follows: "What
will be the sign of the end of the age? "The end is not
yet." "Then the end will come -- when therefore you see the Abomination
of desolation standing where HE ought not to, in a holy place (Mark 13:14; Matt.
24:15) flee to the hills. Then there will a great tribulation or time of great
distress (Luke 21:23). "Immediately
after" (Matt. 24:29) those days of that great tribulation, "cosmic signs will
appear in the sky and Jesus will return."
Jesus added that this evil society, "generation," will not come to an end
before all these things happen. "He who is ashamed of me and my words in this
evil generation (society, until the Parousia),
the Son of Man will be
ashamed when he comes." Note how this "generation," evil brood, present evil
society is contrasted with the time when Jesus will come, which will introduce
the new age and new society of the
coming Kingdom. Jesus said also: The children of this age are wiser in their
financial dealings with others of the same type ("generation") than the children
of light [i.e. of the Kingdom].
Do not be misled by the very Hebrew way of thinking which we may
explain as follows: The Hebrew mind is able to take in "a totality." We are not
used to this. Did you know that in Matt 10:23 Jesus addressed the 12 disciples
standing in his presence and predicted that "YOU" will not have successfully
completed and evangelistic mission in Israel before I come back?"
How can that be? The answer is that the disciples of the future will
fulfill the prophecy. They are "one" with the 12 and addressed as "you." Did you
know that Jesus spoke to unbelieving religious leaders in his time and said that
"they" would not see him again until
they welcomed him as Messiah in the future at his Return. But those men are long
dead! Did you know that Jesus accused the wicked rulers of his time of having
murdered Abel and the prophets and Zechariah (found in 2 Chronicles)? In other
words they had murdered the spiritual heroes of the Bible from Genesis to
Malachi.
(In the case of Jesus' Bible, the last book was 2 Chronicles,
though all the same books as you have were there, only in a different order,
Luke 24:44.).
Did you know that Jesus said that the disciples who asked the
question about the Second Coming would see "all these things" described in the
discourse? But they did not. They died, of course. The point is that a
non-existing person or thing can be included in these forecasts as "you." They are seen as incorporated in
the one pronoun "you." So then Jesus
looks out on the temple buildings and as it turns out describes the desolation
not of that building (though we know it was destroyed in AD 70) but of a
building involved in a final great tribulation (Dan. 12:1; Matt. 24:21, 19).
The future is bright with hope for the truth-seeking Christians who
submit to baptism following the model of Acts 8:12 and persist in the faith.
However Jesus' astonishing account of the future needs to be food for our
serious mediation, very often. Perhaps you can use this article as tool, with
others, for thinking about the precious words of Jesus and also, very
importantly, sharing them with others. The words of Jesus will never pass away
and they are spirit and life to those who grasp their meaning (John 6:63).
Finally, a contrast between Christ and Antichrist. Jesus comes from
above, meaning that his origin is in God (Luke 1:35), comes in his Father's name
as agent, humbled himself and became obedient, was despised and rejected, came
to do his Father's will, which was to preach the Gospel of the Kingdom. He
glorified God on earth, as the Good Shepherd (Pastor) who gives his life for the
sheep. God exalts him and gives him a name (office) above every name so that in
the name of Jesus every knee should bow. He will appear in the clouds of heaven
with great power and glory. He will reign with the saints on earth forever. He
is the heir of all things.
Now his opposite the Antichrist: comes from below, comes in his own
name, exalts himself above all. All the world stands in admiration of him, acts
according to his own will. He blasphemes the name of God. An evil shepherd who
tears the flesh. He exalts himself above the heights of the clouds, yet is
brought down to Sheol ("gravedom"). Of him they will say "is this the man who
made the earth tremble and made kingdoms shake?" They will take away his kingdom
and destroy to the uttermost. He is the Son of Perdition whom Jesus will slay
with the breath of his mouth at his Coming.
Probably about a quarter of the Bible is devoted to prophecy and
God's detailed program for the future. This is part of the "whole counsel of
God" which must be gradually absorbed by believers for their growth in grace and
knowledge. To learn is to equip oneself to teach others, in what capacity.
Knowledge and talents are not to be hoarded, but used to bless others. Jesus set
the pattern for this as the great rabbi who taught for hours every day in the
temple and outside. "Those who have insight are to instruct the many in the last
days." If they do, they will shine like the stars in their Father's Kingdom.
Jesus loved that text (Matthew 13:43, quoting Daniel 12:3).
The Great Tribulation or time of Jacob's
trouble is not history yet, but lies in the future. God will shorten those days of extreme affliction for the sake of
the saints.
...
The awful events of AD 70 were precursors of a final brief tribulation to be followed immediately by the cosmic signs and the return of Jesus (Matt. 24:29). What a day that will be!
